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Heat Pump, Heating and Cooling, heat absorption, Heat transmission

Heat Pump 

Description:

Heat pumps provide an energy-efficient substitute for furnaces and air conditioners in regions with moderate heating and cooling requirements. Heat pumps, which work similarly to refrigerators, transfer heat from a cool area into a warm area using electricity, making the cool area colder and the warm area warmer. Heat pumps transfer heat from a cool house into a warm one during the heating season and from a cool house into a warm one during the cooling season. Heat pumps can produce up to four times as much energy as they use because they transfer heat rather than create it.

 

HEAT PUMP-: 

Heat pump extracts heat from cool outside air and pumps it into your home. To achieve this, a compressor inside the unit uses electricity to increase the temperature of the heat it extracts from the outside air. Heat pumps also provide a cooling effect by pumping warm indoor air outdoors.

 



Types of Heat Pump:

  1. Heat Pump operates on Vapour Compression cycle:

A refrigeration cycle based on vapour compression is typically utilized by heat pumps for heating purposes. Since the 1850s, this technology has been utilized commercially in air conditioners and refriger2.ators. It consists of the four phases.

·        A heat exchanger is used to heat a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant fluid by about 5 °C, causing it to change from a liquid to a gas. We refer to this component of the heat pump as an evaporator. The ground, the air, or a body of water could be the source of the heat.

·        After that, the gas is compressed to a high pressure in a compressor. Figure Relationship between temperature and pressure for a common refrigerant gas shows that the gas reaches a significantly higher temperature at this point.

·        Heat is transferred to the distribution system by passing the hot gas through a heat exchanger. The gas cools somewhat (by about 5 °C) as a result. The gas condenses at the lower temperature, and the liquid refrigerant travels to the expansion valve. The condenser is the name of this component of the heat pump.

·        Next, a lower pressure is achieved by expanding the heated liquid refrigerant. The cycle restarts when the temperature drops as a result of this pressure drop.

  1. CO2 Heat Pump:

Carbon dioxide (CO2, sometimes referred to as R744) is used by transcritical heat pumps. The fundamental design of CO2 heat pumps is identical to that of any vapour compression heat pump. However, a much greater temperature differential throughout the heat distribution system is required because of the distinct characteristics of CO2. CO2 heat pumps can therefore provide high flow temperatures (above 80 °C) but need a low return temperature (typically below 30 °C). They can be used to heat storage tanks for hot water. A CO2 heat pump system is made to guarantee that the return temperature is consistently within a reasonable range.

  1. Heat Pumps based on Absorption principles:

Absorption heat pumps are powered by heat rather than an electric compressor. Absorption heat pumps work by dissolving two substances, usually water and ammonia. A vessel holding an ammonia and water solution is heated under high pressure.

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